आत्मजः पुरुषः रोगाश्चात्मजाः कारणम् हि सः॥८॥
स चिनोति उपभुंक्ते च कर्म कर्मफलानि च॥
नह्यृते चेतनाधातोः प्रवृत्तिः सुखदुःखयोः॥९॥
Translation: After analyzing that (question) the analyst Moudgalya said " Purusha originates from soul and the diseases are also generated from soul, as soul initiates behaviors and faces the consequences. Pleasure and sorrow cannot happen without the life principle."
Commentary (Chakrapani): The meaning of these verses is very clear requiring no explanation.
Pleasure and sorrow imply the instrument of those that is healthy or diseased body.
Soul along with behavior is the cause of Purusha as well as his diseases.
Commentary (Vd. Y.G.Joshi): In Dharmashastra Soul is considered independent doing work on own free will and has to undergo the consequences. Parikhi Moudgalya is developing his argument from this notion.
The detailed discussion and position of Atreya Punarvasu is found in C. Sharira 1 (कतिधापुरुषीय शारीर)
Commentary (Vishnu): Existence or non existence of Soul in living organisms is endlessly debated since time immemorial. Current life sciences deny or ignore existence of Soul. In Indian tradition Non Vaidik Darshanas i.e. Bouddha, Jain, Charvak are of the same opinion. Charak Samhita accepts existence of Soul. As told by Vd. Y. G. Joshi the detailed description is found in C. Sharira 1 (कतिधापुरुषीय शारीर)
In the verses under consideration we can take the soul as representing free will. At present we will not go into the debate but assume existence of soul for the sake of discussion.
The entity which is responsible for behaviors (Karma) is proposed as cause of both Purusha and diseases. Second part of the argument that pleasure and sorrow cannot exist without life delineates the definition of disease described by Sushruta तद्दुःखसंयोगाः व्याधयः॥ The conjugation of Panchamahabhuta and Soul is the Purusha on which treatments are performed. and Conjugation of Purusha and sorrow is disease.
A dead body cannot have diseases therefore diseases originate from the life principle is the argument in short.
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